Previous Next

Previous

To the previous item on the timeline

Next

To the next item on the timeline

1941 Jews allowed to do and less

Forbidden for Jews

Stadstimmertuinen
Stadstimmertuinen
Stadstimmertuinen
Stadstimmertuinen [+] Enlarge map [-] Reduce map
© Anne Frank Stichting / Anne Frank Fonds Bazel

Anne at the Jewish school

Anne smiles for the school photographer. This photo was taken on 11 December 1941, Anne is twelve years old. Her sister Margot was also photographed as were many other school friends. Anne has attended the Jewish Lyceum since 1 October 1941.

By order of the Nazis, Jewish children are no longer allowed to attend regular schools. Special schools have been set up for them. Jewish teachers have already been fired  because Jews are no longer allowed to work for the civil service. Now with the Jewish schools there is work for them. Despite the difficult circumstances many pupils have good memories about the Jewish Lyceum. There were good teachers and despite everything they felt safe there.

Farewell

In her diary Anne writes about saying goodbye to her teacher Mrs. Kuperus: ‘At the end of the year we were both in tears as we said a heartbreaking farewell, because I’d been accepted at the Jewish Lyceum, where Margot also went to school.’

-Anne Frank 20 June 1942

Mistress Chatterback

At the Jewish Lyceum, Anne is well known as a funny girl who likes to be the centre of attention. Anne gets on well with all her teachers. Only her math teacher, Mr Keesing, is cross with her for a while because she always talks in his lessons. Her punishment is to write an essay entitled ‘Quack, quack, quack said Mistress Chatterback’.
Anne writes a poem and everyone has a good laugh about it including Mr Keesing. From then on he calls her ’Mistress Chatterback’.

More about the Jewish Lyceum

Dineke Hondius has written a short history of the Jewish Lyceum together with former student Miep Gompes-Lobatto.

Absent: Herinneringen aan het Joods Lyceum Amsterdam, 1941-1943(Amsterdam: Vassallucci, 2001)

Not available in English

 

Also view this item by its location with your mobile telephone
More about the Anne's Amsterdam App

  • Print
  • Share |

Forbidden for Jews

Many measures to separate Jews and non-Jews are introduced. Jews become more and more isolated within the community and are eventually easily removed from society.

more on this subject more on this subject

Also look at

1938 Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

Many Jewish refugees flee to the Netherlands after Kristallnacht. Princess Juliana also feels connected to the Jewish community. But while more attention is drawn to the admittance of more Jews, NSB members threaten more intervention.

1938  Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

1940 Amsterdam occupied

Nothing changes too much for the Frank family in the beginning. Opekta moves to the Prinsengracht. During air raids bombs cause death and injury in Amsterdam.

1940  Amsterdam occupied

1941 Jews allowed to do and less

It starts with a cinema ban but rapidly Jews are banned from virtually all public places. Jewish children must attend separate schools. This also applies to Anne and Margot Frank.

1941  Jews allowed to do and less

1942 It becomes more dangerous for Jews

On her thirteenth birthday Anne Frank receives a diary. A few days later she writes about the situation in Amsterdam. The introduction of the Jewish star and the raids. In July the Frank family goes into hiding.

1942  It becomes more dangerous for Jews

1943 Deportations and attacks

While the Frank family is in hiding thousands of Jews are deported from Amsterdam. The resistance tries to hinder the deportations by attacks including one on the Public Registry. It doesn’t stop them.

1943  Deportations and attacks

1944 Discovered and arrested

On 4 August the people in hiding in the secret annex are discovered and arrested. From Westerbork they are taken to Auschwitz. When the Allies land in the south of the Netherlands there is hope that the country will be liberated. German soldiers and NSB members flee the country after Dolle Dinsdag (‘Mad Tuesday’).

1944  Discovered and arrested

1945 Joy and sadness

A celebration at the Dam on 7 May is ruined when people are killed after German soldiers shoot at the crowd. On 8 May Amsterdam is officially liberated. Otto Frank returns. He knows that Edith is dead. He only hears later that his two daughters have not survived.

1945  Joy and sadness

1946 Slowly the threads are picked up again

On 3 May 1946 the first official commemoration for those who died during the war is held. Anne Frank’s diary is published on 25 June 1947. Life in Amsterdam slowly gets back to normal. Of the 70,000 Jews who lived in the city in 1940 only 10,000 have survived the war.

1946  Slowly the threads are picked up again

1950 Lasting memory

Even five years after the liberation the reverberations from the war are still clearly noticeable. The Jewish community thanks Amsterdam for the help given to Jews with a monument.

1950  Lasting memory
  • 1950

  • To those who protected the Dutch Jews during the years of the occupation. Protected by your love. Encouraged by your resistance. Mourning with you.

    Part of the citation on the monument ‘Jewish Gratitude’
  • picture:Once a year, two minutes silence

The timeline is loading

In what sort of city did Anne Frank live? 
See how the occupation and the persecution of the Jews in Amsterdam have left their mark.

Please note: there is more

Use the scrollbar to view the entire item.

 

 

Sluiten

Bird’s eye view of Anne Frank’s Amsterdam

View the most important places with their story from Anne Frank’s Amsterdam. Click to the Timeline and see how Amsterdam changed from being a safe haven in 1933 to an occupied city. Zoom in by clicking on the plus sign on the left. This way you can click more easily on the places on the map