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1944 Discovered and arrested

Apollo neighbourhood

Gerrit van der Veenstraat 99
Gerrit van der Veenstraat 99
Gerrit van der Veenstraat 99
Gerrit van der Veenstraat 99 [+] Enlarge map [-] Reduce map
© NIOD

Prisoners

The building which now houses the Gerrit van der Veen College has a turbulent history. Before the war it was a girls’ school. During the occupation is was requisitioned by the Nazis. They use it as the headquarters of the security services.

Here Anne Frank, the other people in hiding in the secret annex and two of their helpers are taken after their arrest on 4 August 1944. They are interrogated by the SS.

To Westerbork

The following day the people in hiding are taken to the detention centre on the Weteringschans. Jo Kleiman and Victor Kugler, the two helpers who have also been arrested, are taken to another prison. On 8 August the people in hiding are taken by train to transit camp Westerbork. They remain here for just under a month before being deported by train to Auschwitz.

Only Otto survives

Hermann van Pels and Edith Frank die in Auschwitz. Fritz Pfeffer is transferred to another concentration camp, Neuengamme and dies there. Auguste van Pels is first taken to Bergen-Belsen and then sent to Theresienstadt, she dies on the way. Margot and Anne are also sent to Bergen-Belsen and die there in March 1945. Peter van Pels leaves Auschwitz in January 1945 for camp Mauthausen  where he dies in May 1945. Otto Frank remains in Auschwitz where he is liberated on 27 January 1945. He is the only one of the people in hiding in the secret annex to survive.

A new street name

The headquarters of the security services are in the Euterpestraat. For this reason the street name has somewhat nasty associations.  Quite soon after the liberation this street was renamed the Gerrit van der Veenstraat, after the Dutch resistance hero and sculptor Gerrit van der Veen.

 

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Apollo neighbourhood

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1938 Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

Many Jewish refugees flee to the Netherlands after Kristallnacht. Princess Juliana also feels connected to the Jewish community. But while more attention is drawn to the admittance of more Jews, NSB members threaten more intervention.

1938  Many Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht

1940 Amsterdam occupied

Nothing changes too much for the Frank family in the beginning. Opekta moves to the Prinsengracht. During air raids bombs cause death and injury in Amsterdam.

1940  Amsterdam occupied

1941 Jews allowed to do and less

It starts with a cinema ban but rapidly Jews are banned from virtually all public places. Jewish children must attend separate schools. This also applies to Anne and Margot Frank.

1941  Jews allowed to do and less

1942 It becomes more dangerous for Jews

On her thirteenth birthday Anne Frank receives a diary. A few days later she writes about the situation in Amsterdam. The introduction of the Jewish star and the raids. In July the Frank family goes into hiding.

1942  It becomes more dangerous for Jews

1943 Deportations and attacks

While the Frank family is in hiding thousands of Jews are deported from Amsterdam. The resistance tries to hinder the deportations by attacks including one on the Public Registry. It doesn’t stop them.

1943  Deportations and attacks

1944 Discovered and arrested

On 4 August the people in hiding in the secret annex are discovered and arrested. From Westerbork they are taken to Auschwitz. When the Allies land in the south of the Netherlands there is hope that the country will be liberated. German soldiers and NSB members flee the country after Dolle Dinsdag (‘Mad Tuesday’).

1944  Discovered and arrested

1945 Joy and sadness

A celebration at the Dam on 7 May is ruined when people are killed after German soldiers shoot at the crowd. On 8 May Amsterdam is officially liberated. Otto Frank returns. He knows that Edith is dead. He only hears later that his two daughters have not survived.

1945  Joy and sadness

1946 Slowly the threads are picked up again

On 3 May 1946 the first official commemoration for those who died during the war is held. Anne Frank’s diary is published on 25 June 1947. Life in Amsterdam slowly gets back to normal. Of the 70,000 Jews who lived in the city in 1940 only 10,000 have survived the war.

1946  Slowly the threads are picked up again

1950 Lasting memory

Even five years after the liberation the reverberations from the war are still clearly noticeable. The Jewish community thanks Amsterdam for the help given to Jews with a monument.

1950  Lasting memory
  • 1950

  • To those who protected the Dutch Jews during the years of the occupation. Protected by your love. Encouraged by your resistance. Mourning with you.

    Part of the citation on the monument ‘Jewish Gratitude’
  • picture:Once a year, two minutes silence

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